Originally Posted by JaffaCakes
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Izvor: Tobacco and Cancer: RecentEpidemiological EvidenceCONCLUSIONS
Considerable epidemiologic evidence of the carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke has become available since the review by IARC in 1986 (3). This new evidence along with the earlier findings led us as members of the 2002 IARC Working Group to conclude that tobacco is a potent multisite carcinogen with a substantial worldwide impact, causing cancers of the lung, upper aero-digestive tract (oral cavity, nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, esophagus), pancreas, stomach, liver, lower urinary tract (renal pelvis and bladder), kidney, and uterine cervix, and causing myeloid leukemia. Both cigarette smoking and smoking other forms of tobacco, including bidi, pipe, and cigars, can cause cancers in multiple organs. There is high coherence for causality between the epidemiologic evidence and the mechanistic or biologic evidence involving measurements of carcinogenic metabolites of tobacco compounds, the formation of DNA or protein adducts, and the spectrum of gene mutations in cancers developed by smokers.
Risk factor Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity Limited evidence of carcinogenicity Evidence suggesting lack of carcinogenicity Tobacco smoking Oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, bowel, liver, pancreas, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, larynx, lung, uterine cervix, ovary, urinary bladder, kidney, ureter, bone marrow (myeloid leukaemia) Female breast Endometrium (postmenopausal), thyroid Second-hand smoke Lung Larynx, pharynx Smokeless tobacco Oral cavity, oesophagus, pancreas Parental smoking (cancer in the offspring) Hepatoblastoma Childhood leukaemia
Izvor: Link between smokingand cancer
SMOKING
Izvor: What Are the Risk Factors for Lung Cancer?Cigarette smoking is the number one risk factor for lung cancer. In the United States, cigarette smoking is linked to about 80% to 90% of lung cancers. Using other tobacco products such as cigars or pipes also increases the risk for lung cancer. Tobacco smoke is a toxic mix of more than 7,000 chemicals. Many are poisons. At least 70 are known to cause cancer in people or animals.
People who smoke cigarettes are 15 to 30 times more likely to get lung cancer or die from lung cancer than people who do not smoke. Even smoking a few cigarettes a day or smoking occasionally increases the risk of lung cancer. The more years a person smokes and the more cigarettes smoked each day, the more risk goes up.
People who quit smoking have a lower risk of lung cancer than if they had continued to smoke, but their risk is higher than the risk for people who never smoked. Quitting smoking at any age can lower the risk of lung cancer.
Cigarette smoking can cause cancer almost anywhere in the body. Cigarette smoking causes cancer of the mouth and throat, esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, pancreas, voicebox (larynx), trachea, bronchus, kidney and renal pelvis, urinary bladder, and cervix, and causes acute myeloid leukemia
To be continued...
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